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Published Mar 23, 2021

172. Lesson: How Digestion Works with Dr. Mary Pardee

Discover the complexities of gut health as Dr. Mary Pardee delves into the vital roles of the gut microbiome and digestive enzymes, detailing the digestive process from start to finish to emphasize its impact on nutrient absorption and overall well-being.
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  • Mouth to Stomach

    The digestive journey begins in the mouth, where mechanical digestion occurs through chewing. explains that this is the only mechanical digestion in the process, as the rest is chemical 1. Saliva starts breaking down food, which then travels through the esophagus to the stomach. Here, hydrochloric acid and pepsin further digest proteins, creating an acidic environment crucial for killing bacteria and breaking down toxins 2.

    The stomach's pH is about a 1.5, more acidic than lemon juice, essential for breaking down food and killing potential pathogens.

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    This acidic environment is vital for preventing bacterial overgrowth and ensuring proper digestion.

       

    Small Intestine

    In the small intestine, nutrient absorption is the primary focus. describes how digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder work to break down food into absorbable nutrients 3. The small intestine's structure, with villi and microvilli, maximizes surface area for absorption.

    If you flattened out the entire small intestines, it would be about the size of a tennis court.

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    This extensive surface area is crucial for absorbing vitamins and macronutrients, highlighting the importance of a healthy digestive system.

       

    Colon and Waste

    The colon plays a key role in the final stages of digestion by absorbing water and forming stool. explains that the colon is also home to the gut microbiome, which aids in digestion and vitamin production 4. The rate of intestinal motility affects stool consistency, with imbalances leading to diarrhea or constipation.

    The colon serves another big purpose, though. It's the main storage container for your gut microbiome.

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    Understanding these processes is essential for maintaining digestive health and recognizing potential issues.

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