Stephen Kotkin: Stalin, Putin, and the Nature of Power | Lex Fridman Podcast #63

Rise to Power

Joseph Stalin's ascent within the Bolshevik party was marked by strategic positioning and historical contingencies. Stephen Kotkin explains how Lenin's creation of the General Secretary role in 1922, intended as a supportive position, became pivotal when Lenin suffered a stroke, leaving Stalin to consolidate power 1. This role allowed him to build a personal dictatorship within the Bolshevik regime. Kotkin emphasizes the role of chance in history, noting that Lenin's illness was not a predetermined event, and without it, Stalin might not have risen to power 2.

History is full of contingency and surprise after something happens. We all think it's inevitable. It had to happen that way.

--- Stephen Kotkin

Stalin's rise was not just a product of his ambition but also of the unforeseen circumstances that shaped his path.

   

Ideological Motivation

Stalin's governance was deeply influenced by his commitment to communism, which he saw as a means to build a powerful state. Stephen Kotkin describes Stalin as a true believer in communism, driven by ideals rather than mere power hunger 3. This ideological drive won him followers among both communists and Russian patriots, despite his use of manipulation and violence to maintain control. Kotkin contrasts Stalin's implementation of communism with the broader ideological conflicts of the time, highlighting the challenges faced by the Soviet Union in competing with capitalism 4.

Stalin was a true believer, and this is very important. He was also hungry for power and for personal power, but just as you said, not for power's sake, not only for power.

--- Stephen Kotkin

Stalin's ability to communicate his dedication to these ideals was a key factor in his appeal and his ability to maintain power.