Understanding and Preventing Cardiovascular Disease | Prakriti Gaba MD

Cholesterol Basics

Understanding cholesterol is crucial for cardiovascular health. Prakriti Gaba explains that cholesterol is a waxy substance produced in the liver, essential for building cell walls, generating hormones, and processing vitamin D 1. However, excessive cholesterol, particularly LDL or "bad" cholesterol, poses significant health risks. Louisa Nicola emphasizes the importance of maintaining LDL cholesterol levels below 100 milligrams per deciliter to reduce heart disease risk 2.

   

Lipoprotein A

Lipoprotein A is a significant risk factor for heart disease, often overlooked in standard cholesterol tests. Prakriti Gaba highlights that high levels of lipoprotein A can lead to heart attacks and strokes, even if LDL cholesterol levels are normal 3. This molecule is primarily genetically determined, making it crucial to measure at least once in a lifetime. Despite its genetic nature, Louisa Nicola notes that recent advancements are beginning to offer therapeutic options to manage its levels 4.

   

Genetic Factors

Genetics play a pivotal role in cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk. Prakriti Gaba discusses enzymes like HMG COA reductase, targeted by statins, and PCSK9, which influence LDL cholesterol levels 5. These genetic factors guide personalized treatment strategies, such as using PCSK9 inhibitors for those with specific genetic profiles. Louisa Nicola suggests that genetic testing could become standard practice to tailor cardiovascular treatments effectively 6.