GABA

Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) functions primarily as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. It is integrally involved in promoting sleep and reducing mental and physical stress. Here are some key points explained by Rhonda Patrick and Dan Pardi regarding the role of GABA:

1. Role in Sleep-Wake Network: GABA acts as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. During sleep, a specific area in the brain called the ventrolateral preoptic area becomes more active. This activation helps turn off the wake network, allowing sleep to occur. This demonstrates that the activity of GABA induces sleep by inhibiting wakefulness-promoting areas of the brain.

2. Interaction with Other Brain Processes: GABA plays a crucial role by balancing excitability in the brain, particularly in terms of controlling the excitability of glutamatergic neurons. This balancing act is vital for both maintaining ordinary brain function and facilitating the transition to sleep.

3. Enhancement by Ketogenic Diet: A ketogenic diet enhances the activity of GABA, contrasting with effects seen with other diets. This enhanced activity contributes to the calming, anti-convulsive effects often noted in ketogenic dietary therapies, especially relevant in conditions like epilepsy 1.

4. Gut-Brain Axis: There is an intriguing interaction between GABA produced in the gut and brain function. Although GABA from the gut does not cross the blood-brain barrier, it potentially influences brain function via vagal nerve pathways. This indirect effect might play a role in managing anxiety and enhancing sleep quality 2.

This detailed explanation underscores the comprehensive role of GABA in regulating various neurophysiological processes, prominently its contribution to promoting sleep and influencing mental health through multiple pathways.