Fasting, Longevity, Autophagy & mTOR Inhibitors - Peter Attia, MD

Autophagy

Autophagy, the body's process of self-digestion, plays a crucial role in longevity. Peter Attia explains that while autophagy is well-studied in laboratory animals, measuring it in humans remains challenging due to the lack of practical tools 1. He suggests that a prolonged fast, such as over three days, might induce autophagy, but acknowledges the frustration of not having definitive answers 2.

There's nothing more potent than not eating periodically.

--- Peter Attia

Attia emphasizes the need for a blood test to measure autophagy signatures, which could revolutionize how fasting is recommended for health benefits.

   

Rapamycin

Rapamycin, a compound known for its immune-suppressing properties, shows promise in extending lifespan by inhibiting mTOR, a key nutrient-sensing pathway. Peter Attia highlights studies where rapamycin extended the lifespan of mice, even when administered late in life 3. This compound is being explored for its potential benefits in humans, particularly in improving cardiac function in dogs and possibly extending cognitive function in early-stage dementia patients 4.

Rapamycin, to me, is probably the most interesting compound when it comes to longevity.

--- Peter Attia

Despite its potential, Attia notes the lack of human clinical trials and the need for further research to understand its full implications 5.

   

Nutrient Sensing

Nutrient sensing pathways, such as AMPK and mTOR, are crucial in regulating metabolism and longevity. Peter Attia discusses the role of AMPK, an enzyme that increases in nutrient-deprived states, and its activation by metformin, a drug commonly used for type 2 diabetes 6. He explores the complexities of NAD pathways, emphasizing the challenges in understanding how NAD supplements affect cellular processes 7.

These are really hard things to do. I'm incredibly interested in it because that's yet another pathway.

--- Peter Attia

Attia suggests that while these pathways offer promising avenues for enhancing longevity, more research is needed to fully grasp their potential benefits and applications.